# Basics of Linux ### Working with files

# File attributes <div class="slide-content text-column"> ```txt $ ls –l / drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan 7 08:54 bin drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 1024 Jan 7 08:54 boot drwxr-xr-x 12 root root 2720 Dec 21 17:58 dev drwxr-xr-x 30 root root 4096 Jan 7 08:54 etc drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Dec 21 17:57 home drwxr-xr-x 8 root root 4096 Dec 21 17:57 lib drwx------ 2 root root 16384 Dec 21 17:57 lost+found drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 Dec 21 17:57 media drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 21 17:57 mnt drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 21 17:57 opt dr-xr-xr-x 130 root root 0 Dec 21 17:58 proc drwx------ 2 root root 4096 Dec 21 18:03 root drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 300 Dec 22 11:37 run drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 21 17:57 sbin drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 21 17:57 srv dr-xr-xr-x 13 root root 0 Dec 21 17:58 sys drwxrwxrwt 4 root root 80 Jan 7 08:54 tmp drwxr-xr-x 8 root root 4096 Dec 21 17:57 usr drwxr-xr-x 11 root root 4096 Jan 7 08:54 var $ ▋ ``` </div> --- # File attributes <div class="slide-content image-column"> <img src="/img/sld-linux-1-working-with-files-01.svg" alt="Linux file attributes when using ls with long format."> </div> --- # File attributes <div class="slide-content image-column"> <img src="/img/sld-linux-1-working-with-files-02.svg" alt="Linux file attributes when using ls with long format."> </div> --- # File attributes <div class="slide-content image-column"> <img src="/img/sld-linux-1-working-with-files-03.svg" alt="Linux file attributes when using ls with long format."> </div> --- # File attributes <div class="slide-content"> <div class="text-column"> > "Give the user permission to read and execute the file. Give the group and others read-only permission." </div> <div class="text-column"> ``` txt $ chmod 544 file ``` <center>or</center> ``` txt $ chmod a-rwx,u+rx,go+r file ``` </div> </div> --- # File attributes <div class="slide-content"> <div class="text-column"> > "Remove write permissions for everyone." </div> <div class="text-column"> ``` txt $ chmod a-w file ``` </div> </div> --- # File attributes <div class="slide-content"> <div class="text-column"> - Directories require the execute permission to allow entry and listing of content. - Capital `X` only affects the execute permission for directories. - The ability to delete or move a `file` depends on the `directory`'s write permission. </div> <div class="text-column"> ``` txt $ chmod a+X directory ``` </div> </div> --- # File attributes <div class="slide-content"> <div class="text-column" style="font-family: monospace; text-align: right;"> chmod chown chgrp </div> <div class="text-column"> Change file mode bits Change file owner and group Change group ownership </div> </div> --- # File contents <div class="slide-content"> <div class="text-column" style="font-family: monospace; text-align: right;"> cat <br> <br> <br> nano <br> <br> <br> vi </div> <div class="text-column"> Concatenate files and print on the standard output Nano's ANOther editor, an enhanced free Pico clone Screen-oriented (visual) display editor </div> </div>

# Thank you! ### Basics of Linux